GeneseAI

Appendix C

Sources and further reading

Updated: June 2026

This bibliography brings together verifiable references genuinely drawn upon in writing this course, organized by theme. A note on transparency: the full list of links provided in the initial brief was not accessible during the finalization session; the references below give priority to primary, institutional, academic or encyclopedic sources, supplemented by the specialized press. Figures and facts postdating January 2026 have been verified through web research and reflect the state of knowledge as of mid-2026; they should be reconfirmed as the field evolves.

Safety, alignment and foresight

  • AI 2027 (scenario): https://ai-2027.com/
  • Nick Bostrom, Superintelligence (concepts of orthogonality, instrumental convergence, the paperclip maximizer). (book reference)

Open source AI (links provided and consulted)

Hardware, chips and infrastructure

Energy and data centers

  • Debate over an AI "bubble": the scale of investment (capex), cross-financing arrangements (Nvidia, OpenAI, Oracle, CoreWeave), the gap between spending and revenue, and warnings (the Fed, the IMF, rating agencies), via Bloomberg, INSEAD Knowledge, Goldman Sachs and the financial press (2025-2026).
  • International Energy Agency (IEA), data center consumption.
  • IAEA, data centers and nuclear energy: https://www.iaea.org/fr
  • IFRI, "AI, data centers and energy" (2025): https://www.ifri.org/
  • Observatoire de l'industrie électrique, an overview of data centers: https://observatoire-electricite.fr/
  • Uptime Institute (via CIO-online), the data center energy crisis from 2026 onward.
  • Google, environmental report and estimate of the energy and water cost per AI query (2025).
  • Reports on the water consumption of data centers in Mexico (the Querétaro region).

AI and blockchain

  • D. Vake et al., "Is Open Source the Future of AI? A Data-Driven Approach," Applied Sciences, 2025.
  • Critical article "AI-Based Crypto Tokens: The Illusion of Decentralized AI?", arXiv (2025): https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.07828

Quantum computing

Robotics and embodied AI

  • Care and companion robots: assistive robotics for the elderly (Paro, presence assistants), the Japanese context, via the specialized press.
  • 2025-2026 data on humanoids (Figure, Boston Dynamics, Tesla, Unitree, 1X, Apptronik, UBTECH, XPeng) compiled from the specialized technology press and manufacturers' announcements.

Agents, the ecosystem and the "internet of agents"

  • Moltbook (a social network for AI agents), open source autonomous agents (OpenClaw, Hermes Agent) and coding agents (Claude Code, Codex, Gemini CLI): coverage from the technology press (NPR, NBC News, CNBC, The Economist, MIT Technology Review) and encyclopedic entries, supplemented by security advisories (CNCERT, 404 Media, Wiz).
  • Hermes Agent, Nous Research: https://hermes-agent.org/
  • Agentic commerce: agent-based payment protocols (OpenAI and Stripe's Agentic Commerce Protocol, Google's Universal Commerce Protocol, Visa Intelligent Commerce, Mastercard Agent Pay), via the business press and the players' own announcements (2025-2026).
  • The landscape of players (additional material): Perplexity (answer engine, the Comet browser, disputes with publishers and Amazon), domain specialists (Cohere, AI21, Databricks, Snowflake, Stability AI, ElevenLabs, Runway, Pika, Luma, Character.AI, Cursor, Cognition/Devin, Manus), inference chips (Groq, Cerebras, SambaNova), via the specialized press and the players' own announcements (2025-2026).
  • Moltbook (encyclopedic entry): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moltbook

Science and health

  • Scientific integrity in the age of AI: undeclared AI-written articles, "paper mills," and the strain on peer review, via the scientific press (Nature, Science).
  • AI for the environment and biodiversity: species monitoring (camera traps, bioacoustics), forest and ocean surveillance, via the scientific press and conservation organizations.
  • Isomorphic Labs: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomorphic_Labs and https://www.isomorphiclabs.com/
  • Google DeepMind, AlphaFold: https://deepmind.google/science/alphafold/
  • A. Esteva et al., "A guide to deep learning in healthcare," Nature Medicine, 2019.
  • AI for nuclear power and fusion: IAEA programs (the "AI for Fusion" initiative, collaborating centers at Purdue and MIT); AI for particle physics (CERN, analysis of LHC data), via the IAEA and the specialized press.
  • Biohacking and the democratization of biology: the case of the personalized mRNA vaccine designed with AI for a dog (Paul Conyngham, 2025-2026), via France Info and the press; biosecurity concerns ("uplift") and laboratories' responsible scaling policies.
  • Brain-computer interfaces: Neuralink (the PRIME, VOICE and Blindsight studies) and competitors (Synchron, Precision Neuroscience, Paradromics, Blackrock Neurotech), via the specialized press and the players' own announcements.
  • AI and longevity: aging research and longevity biotech (Insilico Medicine, Retro Biosciences, Altos Labs), aging clocks, via the scientific press.
  • AI and space: Earth observation, exoplanet detection (Kepler/TESS data), autonomous navigation and the monitoring of orbital debris, via the space agencies (NASA, ESA) and the press.

Work and the economy

  • Stanford Digital Economy Lab (Brynjolfsson, Chandar, Chen), youth employment and AI (2025).
  • INSEE, economic outlook note on employment and AI (March 2026): https://www.insee.fr/
  • OECD, the exposure of jobs to AI: https://www.oecd.org/
  • M. L. Gray, S. Suri, Ghost Work (2019), on the hidden human labor behind AI.

Law, defense and society

  • Persuasion by AI: F. Salvi et al., "On the conversational persuasiveness of GPT-4," Nature Human Behaviour, 2025 (preregistered study).
  • Linguistic diversity and the Global South: the uneven performance of models across languages, low-resource languages and the digital divide, via research and the specialized press.
  • Copyright and AI rulings and lawsuits (Bartz v. Anthropic; Kadrey v. Meta; the consolidated cases against OpenAI; Disney and Universal v. Midjourney), via the legal and general press.
  • Lawsuits and settlements over AI-generated music (RIAA v. Suno and Udio; the UMG-Udio and Warner-Suno agreements; GEMA v. Suno), via the specialized and legal press.
  • Coalition for Content Provenance and Authenticity (C2PA), content provenance: https://c2pa.org/
  • United Nations, group of experts on lethal autonomous weapons systems (Geneva).
  • AI and defense: the integration of AI models into military systems via Palantir (Maven); Pentagon contracts with Anthropic, OpenAI, Google and xAI (2025-2026) and the dispute over military uses, via the press (Washington Post, Axios) and encyclopedic entries.

Philosophy of AI

  • Model welfare: Anthropic's program ("Exploring model welfare"), the "Taking AI Welfare Seriously" report (Sebo, Chalmers et al.) and its critics (Mustafa Suleyman), via the labs and the press.
  • John Searle, the "Chinese room" argument (1980).
  • David Chalmers, on the "hard problem of consciousness" (1995).
  • E. Bender, T. Gebru et al., "On the Dangers of Stochastic Parrots," FAccT, 2021.

Public debate and French voices

  • Luc Julia, L'intelligence artificielle n'existe pas (First, 2019) and IA, génératives, pas créatives (Le Cherche Midi, 2025); critical analyses (Association française pour l'information scientifique).
  • Laurent Alexandre, La Guerre des intelligences (2017).
  • Laurent Alexandre and Olivier Babeau, Ne faites plus d'études. Apprendre autrement à l'ère de l'IA (Buchet-Chastel, 2025).

Governance and regulation

  • Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 on AI, official portal: https://artificialintelligenceact.eu/fr/
  • Direction générale des entreprises (France), an overview of the regulation: https://www.entreprises.gouv.fr/
  • European Commission, European AI Office.
  • International AI summits: Bletchley Park (2023), Seoul (2024), the AI Action Summit in Paris (February 2025), New Delhi (February 2026); encyclopedic entries and official sites (diplomatie.gouv.fr).
  • "L'IA avec nous," Hauts-de-France Region (Lille, June 2026): https://ia-avecnous.fr/
  • Cybersecurity and frontier models: the Glasswing project (April 2026, https://www.anthropic.com/glasswing) and the export control directive suspending access to Fable 5 and Mythos 5 (June 2026), via the press (Fortune, Al Jazeera, The Conversation, Quartz) and analyses from law firms.

End of the course. This document is intended as a reference companion: it can be read chapter by chapter, or consulted selectively via the table of contents and the glossary. As the field moves quickly, the most time-sensitive elements (models, figures, players) will benefit from periodic updating.